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【动画】“东数西算”全网大火，一文告诉你“东数”如何“西算”******

　　最近，“东数西算”工程受到社会各界广泛关注。前段时间，国家发展改革委、中央网信办、工业和信息化部、国家能源局联合印发通知，同意在京津冀、长三角、粤港澳大湾区、成渝、内蒙古、贵州、甘肃、宁夏等8地启动建设国家算力枢纽节点，并规划了10个国家数据中心集群。至此，“东数西算”工程正式全面启动。

　　长期以来，我国东、中、西部算力资源布局在取得长足进步的同时，存在发展不平衡、不充分等问题，与5G时代全面建设“数字中国”的战略需求还有较大差距。

　　在业内专家看来，现阶段实施“东数西算”工程，不仅可以优化我国算力资源空间布局，也是推动新型基础设施高质量发展、构建全国一体化国家大数据中心体系的必然选择。

　　“东数西算”是什么？

　　“数”指数据，“算”是算力，即对数据的处理能力。“东数西算”是通过构建数据中心、云计算、大数据一体化的新型算力网络体系，将东部算力需求有序引导到西部，优化数据中心建设布局，促进东西部协同联动。

　　“东数”为什么要“西算”？

　　目前，我国数据中心大多分布在东部地区，由于土地、能源等资源日趋紧张，在东部大规模发展数据中心难以为继。而我国西部地区资源充裕，特别是可再生资源丰富，具备发展数据中心，承接东部算力需求的潜力。

　　（图源网络）

　　东部哪些数据送往西部去算？

　　西部数据中心处理后台加工、离线分析、存储备份等对网络要求不高的业务。东部枢纽处理工业互联网、金融证券、灾害预警、远程医疗、视频通话、人工智能推理等对网络要求较高的业务。东数西算项目是促进算力、数据流通，激活数字经济活力的重要手段。

　　为什么布局这8个算力枢纽和10个集群？

　　依托这8个算力枢纽，有利于集中政策和资源，着力优化网络、能源等配套保障，更好引导数据中心集约化、规模化、绿色化发展，促进东西部数据流通、价值传递，带动数据中心相关产业由东向西有效转移。

　　在8个算力枢纽内，进一步规划设立10个国家数据中心集群。每个集群是一片物理连续的行政区域，具体承载算力枢纽内的大型、超大型数据中心建设。通过10个集群，将有效减少数据绕转时延，降低长途传输费用，保障数据中心能源供给，积极协调安排能耗指标。

　　（图源网络）

　　“东数西算”给企业带来哪些利好？

　　“东数西算”将带动土建工程、IT设备制造、信息通信、基础软件、绿色能源供给等相关产业链发展。对于提供算力的企业，有助于加快实现云网协同，提升算力服务的品质；降低网络、电力等成本；规划算力资源更有针对性，提升资源使用效率。对于使用算力的企业，有助于享受更为便捷、易用的算力服务；进一步降低上云用数成本，加快实现数字化转型。

　　监制：张宁 策划：李政葳 制作：姚坤森

中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）